NORM waste, cements, and concretes. A review
نویسندگان
چکیده
The use of industrial waste and/or by-products as alternative sources raw materials in building has become standard practice. result, more sustainable construction, is contributing to the institution a circular economy. Nonetheless, all necessary precautions must be taken ensure that inclusion and such entail no new health hazard for people or their environment. Due processes involved generating waste/by-products, these secondary may contaminated with heavy metals, other undesirable chemicals high levels natural radioactivity constrain use. In-depth realistic research on consequently requisite its deployment materials. This paper reviews basic concepts associated radioactivity, focusing waste/by-products comprising Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) used cement concrete manufacture. Updated radiological data are furnished (including plant fly ash, iron steel mill slag, bauxite phosphogypsum waste) limestone, gypsum so on. also presents recent findings radionuclide activity concentrations Portland cements concretes not bearing NORMs. role aggregate end behaviour broached. non-portland concretes, alkali-activated geopolymers, addressed.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Materiales De Construccion
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1988-3226', '0465-2746']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2021.13520